India’s crackdown on dark patterns in e-commerce

In India’s rapidly growing digital economy, consumers are increasingly relying on e-commerce platforms for their daily purchases.

However, deceptive design tactics, known as dark patterns, have started eroding user trust.

These manipulative designs trick customers into making unintended choices, prompting the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) to take strong action.

Dark patterns refer to unethical design practices that mislead users into actions that benefit the business but harm the consumer.

Coined by UX designer Harry Brignull in 2010, the term encompasses tactics such as false urgency, basket sneaking, trick questions, and forced subscriptions.

For example, some platforms make the “Buy with insurance” button more visible than “Buy without insurance,” nudging buyers into paying extra.

A recent CCPA advisory (2025) warned Indian e-commerce companies to stop using manipulative features.

Platforms have been instructed to submit self-audit reports within three months, ensuring they comply with the Guidelines for Prevention and Regulation of Dark Patterns. Failure to do so could result in penalties and legal action.

The CCPA highlighted patterns such as subscription traps, confirm shaming, and forced consent as major violations.

These designs pressure consumers into sharing data, buying unwanted services, or staying subscribed against their will.

Such practices not only cause financial loss but also reduce brand credibility and long-term customer loyalty.

Globally, regulators are moving in the same direction. While the US Federal Trade Commission fined Epic Games $245 million (≈₹2,000 crore) for deceptive practices, India is focusing on preventive governance. The goal is to make digital commerce fair, transparent, and user-centric.

Businesses must now prioritise ethical web design to build trust. Simplified consent options, clear pricing, and transparent communication can protect users and improve brand image.

Ethical design isn’t just compliance, it’s a competitive advantage in India’s digital marketplace.

India’s crackdown on dark patterns marks a major step toward responsible e-commerce growth.

Brands that choose transparency and fairness will not only avoid penalties but also earn lasting consumer loyalty.

Image by Mohamed Hassan from Pxhere (Free for commercial use / CC0 Public Domain)

Image Published on August 18, 2018

Image Reference: https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1446677